5G Impacts On Smart City 2030

Abstraction

Smart city has become a conception that is a must for future development where living standard will be improved in another level. There are so many initiatives aimed at analyzing the conception process, deployment methods or outcomes of Smart City are being developed in multiple fields. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this term is extremely necessary not only for planner, manager and director of projects, but also for people who has lived in these cities. In the report, it is important to go through benefits of Smart city which focus on some remarkable areas such as traffic management, home automation, health and security and the challenges that are existing in building process in developed and developing countries. After that, it is discussed about how 5G effect on Smart City by analyzing, illustrating and giving some examples, which help to have a clear acknowledgement about next wireless generation technology impacts in future development. 

Introduction

Defining “Smart City” in a basic way is, a city having a basic infrastructure and it uses smart solutions to ensure that these infrastructure and services are better and rely on a management based on the category of area. 

Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as a Smart Society, will be embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. City are challenged to develop economically and environmentally sustainable municipal entities anchored on the principal of competitiveness, economic progress and security, social cohesion and innovation. With the integration of   technology across various functions, Smart Cities can overcome these challenges and deliver on the goals of economic development, sustainability, innovation, and city engagement, all while utilizing an ecosystem of the partners to fundamentally change and improve the quality of life for residents, business and visitors as well.

 

As, we are moving towards a kind of World where automation is taking over most of the manual work. This is all happening because of the evolution of technology specifically on a wireless communication side. Similarly, 5G is a trending Wireless Technology based on the building of 4G LTE and is about to this World. It is a high-speed wireless technology which has a capacity and potential to transform normal cities to smart and intelligent ones. This is going to happen with higher speed and larger capacity of 5G networks. Comparing it with 4G or 3G, it requires hundreds of thousands of new small cells to achieve high speed connections and more number of users at the same time. According to a research, 66% of the world population after 2030 will be living in urban areas which clearly tells us the importance of these vibrant cities. 

The concept of Smart Cities is about connecting multiple low power digital devices with each other to efficiently run our home, offices and other places through emerging technology Internet of Things (IoT). The communication world will a have huge shift towards machines rather than humans. As the population of urban areas is increasing worldwide, it is becoming difficult to manage all the stuff in an effective way saving other resources of the country as well. So, to cop up with this much of the rise, focus has shifted towards evolving cities to be much efficient in order to overcome this problem.

The implementation of 5G will enable Internet of Things (IoT) to come into part and make these cities more and more smarter. Billions of devices will be connected to a very high speed mobile network by the first phase of 5G which is to be started in 2020. For these smart and vibrant cities, a lot of data needs to be collected and maintained and it can only be possible with a technology providing higher speed and larger capacity compared with the previous technologies. For this purpose, there is a need of 5G or something new even after 5G. 

With the help of this latest wireless technology and implementing its infrastructure, it can of course improve the quality of life and the economic growth as well. Because with this a country can also manage their other resources in a wise way. There will be different categories of the networks as well including smart city networks and smart home networks in collaboration with IoT. By deploying cognitive radio (CR) which is to be deployed under the implementation of 5G networks then it will be able to deal with many of the main problems and issues in Smart Cities concept in 5G.  

Cognitive Radio will help using the unused spectrum and help avoiding unnecessary interferences as it is programmed and configured dynamically to best utilize wireless channels. Implementation of CR’s can be done using different technologies like the most common one is multicarrier waveform like OFDM which is the most suitable one. Because we talk about resource allocation and spectrum efficiency they are highly flexible and highly efficient.

Smart City Concept in 5G

The above shown concept of 5G is the simplest one covering most of the applications. It is fortunately a great time as most of the technologies including Cloud, Wireless, IT and social are converging and making this great concept of 5G practically possible. Three main trends where it will make a huge Impact with the help of IoT are Smarter everyday objects, Real-time connections and an Automation world. 

Our report discusses all the main things which needs to be mentioned and explained when we talk about what will be the impact of 5G on smart cities concept or how it can actually change the way of living. 

Benefits and Challenges in Smart Cities

When we talk about 5G and the other sectors which are associated with it, everything will go far beyond network speeds. It is all because of the increased network efficiency. The foundation of the building is on 4G LTE but this Smart Cities benefits will be accelerated with the help 5G. Increasing this network efficiency means increasing high speed connections between all the devices due to which more devices can connect with each other in an efficient way.  With the ability to communicate with each other, these smart cities and Internet of Things (IoT) will have a much positive impact on traffic flow management, energy management and can be done a lot to save resources for other uses.

Life will totally be changed once these systems will be implemented. Massive number of devices will communicate with each other i.e. sensor networks providing smart facilities in urban and most of the suburban areas. It will not stop here as some of the most common facilities provided with Smart Cities concept are discussed below: 

Smart Traffic Management:

Managing traffic in an effective way is a common application in Smart Cities project as there will be intelligent street lights which will monitor the flow of traffic with the help of sensor networks and help controlling the lights. For an example, there will be built-in car navigation systems to guide drivers to know the places like parking and avoiding them to the ways which lead to traffic jams. 

Most of the companies including Ericson and Nokia are working on this smart traffic management to ensure that 5G will have its impact in making public transports and traffic system very intelligent such that everyone can enjoy this revolution. With the help of this, traffic congestion can be decreased and will deliver high productivity and improving the quality of life of all the residents. 

Smart Grids:

5G in smart city concept will also help improving energy systems as well. 5G will enable very low cost connections between the devices and monitoring of these devices will be efficient such that to manage energy needs properly. The important and the best part is that it will help in balancing the load of the cities in a way like reducing the electricity peaks depending upon the situation of the usage and hence reducing the cost of the energy. In case a power cuts down or fails, there will be real time diagnosis, like shifting the load to a different transformer or device. Also, making lights dim when there is no public around can save power and reduce energy costs as well.  According to this, a long-term energy saving plan can be made through which energy cost can be reduced.

Smart Homes:

As 5G offer high speed connection between devices, so it will be awesome for home automation systems as well. Our daily home usage devices including air conditioners, refrigerators, lighting, heaters, washers, dryers etc. can be connected with each other and be controlled remotely using a smart phone. It will save time and money both. Surveillance cameras will be very effective for

security purposes of home as we can see the complete coverage all the time and manage other stuff as well.  

Smart Healthcare and Security:

One of the most important applications and benefits of 5G impact on smart cities is the betterment of healthcare and security system of a city as well. Different ways including remote monitoring of patients or home caring can be used to decrease hospitalization rates. It will be possible for Doctors to perform operations around the World with the help of video controls Security is also a major issue which needs to be very efficient have a peaceful environment. With the help of using high speed bandwidth, fast and reliable communication there will be a great opportunity to minimize the crimes and fixing them. Eventually, it will lead us to big improvement in public safety. Smart Cities having their own broadband network can operate well in accordance with their emergency services controlling their whole city.

All of above these services will be more accessible and very cost effective so that everyone can enjoy and fulfill their needs to optimize and automate their homes, offices and other places.

There are also some socioeconomic benefits that will take place with the help of Smart Cities in context with the implementation of 5G Wireless Technology are: 

• Economic Growth • Improved quality of life • Better Environment • Excessive Job Market • Safe Environment • Better communication 

Almost every branch will be affected with the help of implementing these systems practically. There will be self-organizing and self-managing automated networks working without a manual effort from a human being. With the help 5G, new opportunities will improve communication and cooperation in every way. 

  

Challenges

Smart city in Conception

To some extents, the term “Smart City” has not been stated yet although it is considered that it represents innovation in city management, its infrastructure and services. Nevertheless, there are two common trends can be clearly notable in relation with what are the main aspects that smart cities must take into consideration. One is that gathering emphasis just on one urban aspects leaving apart of rest of the circumstances involved in a city. The problem comes from the misunderstanding the final target of Smart City is to afford a new method to urban management in which all aspects are pickled with the interconnection that take place in real life of the city. The business that improving just a portion of an urban ecosystem will not indicate that the problem of whole is being answered.

Another one is that concentration on Smart city concept is the interconnection of all urban aspects. From that concept, it can be defined that infrastructure are a key factor of Smart City and that technology is that enabler that makes it possible, but it is the combination, connection and integration of all systems what becomes fundamental for city being truly smart. Also, it can be conditional that the Smart City concept implies a comprehensive tactic to city management and development. These definitions show a balance of the industrial, economic and social factors involved in an urban ecosystem. The definitions imitate a holistic approach to the urban problems taking benefit of the new technologies so that the urban model and the associations among the stakeholders can be redefined.

Infrastructure

It is considered that the sustainable development of cities and improving them to become smart require a lot of effective and efficient investments. By that way, the infrastructure is dispensable business for the evolution, but it is obvious that the necessary infrastructure for building up smart cities in developed countries will be different from developing ones. However, although there are so many different aspects, they still have the same core businesses which Government, Mobility, Environment, People, Living and Economy need to be smart. 

Regarding to this business, there are different level of problem concentration when the cities are belonging to different areas. Taking a closer look at the European cities, as depicted in table 1,

 

Table 1 - City challenges in developed countries 

It is to see that the main challenges for making the Governance to be smart are related to the vital prerequisite for a modification of government model. Governance models will face the challenge of making themselves more flexible allowing to combine their top-down policies with bottom-up initiatives and also with informality. Also, the other two challenges that they face are demographic changes and territorial cohesion.

Next is challenges in turning the Economy to be smart, which are related to the productive of the city. Urban regions should focus on enhancing the creation  of a multisector instead of just one economic sector that would make capitals more robust to commercial declines, exploiting the sole conditions of each urban collection within a certain.

The general contest in Smart Mobility is that reaching a workable, comprehensive and efficient mobility system for goods and publics. There are three sub problems need to be solved such as implementing a multimodal public transport structure, making public transport accessible and obtainable to all citizens, building substitute to the car-base mobility, which help reducing traffic jam and contamination in capitals and progress connectivity.

The existence of various challenges in Smart Environment such as generating a natural atmosphere is also considered. Sidestepping urban straggle and looking for more solid and livable cities will enhance a mix of uses and the concentration of population, reducing the use of the car. By that way, the demand of dropping land ingesting for extensions of cities, reducing energy consumption polluted gas emission ecologically sustainable development are strongly evaluated.

In terms of Smart People, the main difficulties are improving social cohesion and quality of life. However, the final goal is enriching the community life resulted from taking creativities to unravel the high levels of joblessness in cities; as well as using the demographic activities and blend of population as a prospect for innovation, taking into consideration all residents independently of their age, gender, culture or social condition. By that way, supplying of housing, health conditions and crime rate situation will make difference for a city to be able to talk about having a good quality of life.

In contrast, the challenges that cities in developing countries are much more oriented toward to fulfilling the basic services provision to their inhabitants. 

Table 2 – City challenges in developing nations 

About Governance field, development models for these cities should be revised in order to contain the specific necessities of their societies, such as the informality as a way of urban development, the awareness of the absence of positive basic services or the particular conditions of the Government models.

Next, the scarcity of resources as fresh water and food supply are the core encounters which will become bigger as the effects of climate change. Aside from that, the high infrastructure deficit that these countries have, with their mobility, water and energy networks in bad conditions result in the small amount of resources available not being as optimized as they could be. Furthermore, rising the efficiency of the supply networks is so important for reducing a minimum of loss in the distribution of the basic utilities.

In addition to these challenges, poverty urban insecurity and living conditions are difficulties, which are less attractive to new businesses and talents than developed countries. Also,

government instability such as high level of violence and corruption, social and spatial polarization are the common issues in these countries. 

5G Solution

The important attributes of 5G that will merit Smart Cities include higher speeds, more connection, which allow wireless connectivity in extraordinary location, extending from street light to sewer holes; quicker, more adaptive reply times that support time-sensitive applications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication; and ultra-low-power connections, such as sensors for leak detection in water mains.

It is considered that there are so many aspects which the next-generation wireless will accelerate Smart City growth, but our report will discuss some notable areas to showcase that is possible when municipalities welcome 5G. 

Energy and Utilities

Regarding to smart grid, the next-generation wireless technology enables many unconnected energy-consuming devices to be more accurately monitored to support better forecasting of energy demands by allowing them to be integrated into the grid through low-cost connections. As a result of this, demand-side management will be further improved to provision load balancing, helping lessen electricity peaks and ultimately reduce energy prices. Moreover, capturing this data through 5G connections will additionally enable larger cities or larger area to design exclusive energy infrastructure spending more efficiently. Also, smart gird technology will enable precise and real-time analysis, down to the precise pole affected by an outage, which fasten repairs and reduce downtimes.

In terms of smart lighting, it can save power and decrease light pollution while still keeping neighborhood safe when no pedestrians or vehicle are present by lowering public lighting. Furthermore, smart lighting connected to a city’s broadband network can also estimate local air quality. If it is added to smart LED lighting can also reduce the maintenance costs of lighting system. 

Transportation

Speaking of public transportation, societies with a public transit scheme can reduce rider wait times while also enhancing bus inventory with increased wireless connectivity. Giving transit operatives minute-by-minute information on the number of users who are currently using the

system, or who intend to use system at a specific time, will help increase system utilization, and allow for dynamic bus routing.

In addition to this, acknowledge with 5G ultra-fast speed, cars will be able to convoy in group, then increase the road vehicle volume, while providing substantial energy saving for vehicle owners. Also, smart traffic management systems can support the autonomous cars, then congestion could decline and distribute additional efficiency and quality of life enhancement to inhabitants. 

Autonomous Cars 5G – future

In terms of public parking, vehicles will no longer need to circle to block with real-time information available about empty on-street parking spaces, but instead go directly to an open space, identified by a low cost 5G sensor on street lamp. Moreover, it is considered that the combination with the smart metering systems would help to increase parking revenue and reduce congestion. 

Smart parking and metering
Public safety

It is considered that smart city innovations in public safety are just beginning to take hold, and wireless connectivity is the driving force behind these innovations. In fact, although current 4G network has provided real-time video which permits responders to access a scene before arriving, distribution of 5G in smart city will enable to integration of all video observation with access to specific locations, point by point, with ultra-high definition. This measurement would allow responders to use facial recognition to detect known criminals or spot missing person before arriving on the scene.

Moreover, some large cities in USA has been to generate detailed, real-time, location base information when a firearm is discharged, which allows authorities to be immediately alerted, and supported to lessen gun crime in neighborhoods. Actually, when a gun is fired, the sensors can triangulate the location, and sometimes even identify the type of guns. Those information is sent to authorities to speed up deployment of personnel to the location. 

Also, with 5G flood sensors built in emergency warning systems in smart city will help to provide motorist with route guidance, helping reduce one of the primary causes of death during flooding as people choosing routes that pass through flooded areas. 

Conclusion:

All in all, it is discussed that our report has generally walked through Smart city which contains its merits and demerits and how 5G will support to cities development in future. Although there are many advantages that Smart city will bring to human being of life, it is important to understand the challenges cities will face. And technical solution is a must tool to achieve smart city goal, which will solve urban problems in an efficient way to improve sustainability of the city and quality of life of its inhabitants. However, it is obvious that the business requires the collaboration of multi-stakeholder, not individual or an organization in order to provide complex and effective solutions.

As the work is in progress for IOT which is a basic concept for smart cities will revolutionize the human life and it will not only benefit the city governments for managing everything but it will range the benefits for common man. As we have discussed earlier the aim of 5G is to revolutionize public health care, public safety, transportation, smart homes, smart traffic system etc. In fact, by 2020 communication will be happening in a real time because of the data rates which are expected to be delivered by 5G and due to 5G, latency rate will be approximately minimized to 2ms. If we really want to get maximum benefits for human beings then resources being used and devices which might be used for implementation of 5G, it should be made possible that sustainable and environmental friendly resources might be used.  We will have a land sliding impact on our environment if better steps have not been taken right now. 

Next wireless generation technology, 5G, is key factor for city evolution, which will create the advanced infrastructure needed for Smart Cities, has reached a very promising juncture – yet also a critical one. The Smart City concept is real, and is starting to take shape in the number of municipalities in the Europeans and abroad. To reach its full potential, and unlock the full benefits of Smart Cities, communities now need to support small-cell deployments to enable a 5th generation of communications infrastructure.

It is this evolution in the wireless technology which will create the advance infrastructure of the Smart Cities. Next decade promises breakthrough developments in several RAN technologies and will take a World to almost a new and a different place from where we are right now.